{"id":11460,"date":"2019-12-01T08:00:10","date_gmt":"2019-12-01T12:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.equimundo.org\/?p=11460"},"modified":"2019-11-27T13:42:49","modified_gmt":"2019-11-27T17:42:49","slug":"making-the-connections-harmful-masculine-norms-and-bullying","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.equimundo.org\/fr\/making-the-connections-harmful-masculine-norms-and-bullying\/","title":{"rendered":"Making the Connections: Harmful Masculine Norms and Bullying"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les 16 jours d\u2019activisme contre la violence sexiste sont une campagne internationale utilis\u00e9e par des militants du monde entier (du 25 novembre au 10 d\u00e9cembre) comme strat\u00e9gie d\u2019organisation pour appeler \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9limination de toutes les formes de violence sexiste.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/h3>\n

Cette ann\u00e9e, nous partagerons des recherches sur les liens entre les normes masculines n\u00e9fastes et huit formes diff\u00e9rentes de comportement violent, ainsi que des id\u00e9es et des recommandations pour \u00e9liminer toutes les formes de violence.<\/span><\/i><\/h3>\n

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M\u00eame si le fait d\u2019\u00eatre un homme n\u2019a rien d\u2019inh\u00e9rent \u00e0 la violence, la mani\u00e8re dont nous socialisons les gar\u00e7ons dans leur identit\u00e9 d\u2019homme et ce que nous attendons d\u2019eux \u2013 c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les normes masculines de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u2013 sont ind\u00e9niablement li\u00e9s \u00e0 la violence.<\/span><\/p>\n

En effet, les gar\u00e7ons et les hommes sont souvent \u00e9lev\u00e9s, socialis\u00e9s et encourag\u00e9s \u00e0 recourir \u00e0 la violence sous une forme ou une autre\u00a0; dans l\u2019ensemble, ils sont plus susceptibles de commettre la plupart des formes de violence et de mourir par homicide ou suicide. Cependant, les recherches confirment que cette violence est \u00e9vitable, que l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 des sexes est r\u00e9alisable et que les normes et id\u00e9es non violentes sur la virilit\u00e9 sont r\u00e9pandues et puissantes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Rapport d'Equimundo et de la Fondation Oak <\/span>Normes masculines et violence : \u00e9tablir des liens<\/span><\/i><\/a>, examines the links between harmful masculine norms and eight forms of violent behavior. This fourth blog in the <\/span>\u00c9tablir les connexions<\/span><\/i>16 jours d'activisme<\/span> series focuses on bullying. It breaks down the facts on bullying, explores its linkages to other forms of violence, and provides recommendations for action.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bullying\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n

Les faits<\/i><\/b><\/h4>\n

Bullying by men and boys takes many forms. In a 2017 study, <\/span>La bo\u00eete \u00e0 hommes<\/span><\/i><\/a>,<\/span><\/i> more than one-third of young men in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Mexico reported having perpetrated verbal, physical, and\/or online bullying in the month prior to data collection.<\/span><\/p>\n

Being a victim of bullying is a common experience for young people, and some youth are aware that identifying as LGBTQIA+ was a reason behind their being bullied. Youth who do not conform to social norms related to gender and sexuality are at the highest risk of being bullied.<\/span><\/p>\n

Children often experience bullying differently. Boys are more likely to be recognized by others as victims of bullying. However, boys are more likely than girls to experience harmful \u2013 rather than helpful or supportive \u2013 public acknowledgment of this victimization.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Les liens\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/h4>\n

Masculinities are often at the root of men\u2019s perpetration of bullying. In <\/span>La bo\u00eete \u00e0 hommes<\/span><\/i><\/a> study, young men who held the most inequitable gender attitudes (about a variety of themes, not only violence) were significantly more likely to report both perpetrating and experiencing all three forms of bullying: verbal, online, and physical.<\/span><\/p>\n

Research suggests that bullying behaviors often share common root causes: the perpetrator\u2019s desire to demonstrate power and control over the victim, and the use of bullying to enforce gender conformity. Many researchers conclude that gender identity and violent gender norms contribute to bullying, alongside many other interwoven factors.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bullying can provide a pathway to achieve or maintain social status within group settings such as schools and workplaces.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les intersections<\/i><\/b><\/h4>\n

Any thorough explanation of bullying behavior must include influences beyond dominant, or hegemonic, masculinity. Analyses of these causes identify a variety of intersecting levels of influences: the individual, family influences, peer influences, school influences, and community\/cultural influences (including poverty and media influences).<\/span><\/p>\n

Children who are exposed to contexts and relationships with extensive conflict, hostility, and abuse are more likely to perpetrate bullying, a finding similar to other forms of violence for which there is intergenerational transmission. Hostile family and educational environments have been consistently found to be risk factors for bullying.<\/span><\/p>\n

Physical location, social context, and age intersect with and normalize boys\u2019 and men\u2019s perpetration of bullying. For instance, in school contexts, boys\u2019 physical aggression is often legitimized as \u201cboys will be boys,\u201d whereas the same behavior by girls raises questions, and the same behavior by a middle-aged man in a work setting might be considered inappropriate.<\/span><\/p>\n

De la th\u00e9orie \u00e0 la pratique<\/i><\/b><\/h4>\n

Very few bullying-prevention programs, particularly in the Global South, work to deconstruct harmful masculinities. Initiatives aiming to prevent bullying should focus on the following transformations of harmful masculine norms:<\/span><\/p>\n