{"id":10408,"date":"2019-12-01T18:23:09","date_gmt":"2019-12-01T22:23:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.equimundo.org\/?p=10408"},"modified":"2022-06-08T01:04:52","modified_gmt":"2022-06-08T05:04:52","slug":"making-the-connections-harmful-masculine-norms-and-bullying-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.equimundo.org\/fr\/making-the-connections-harmful-masculine-norms-and-bullying-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Making the Connections: Harmful Masculine Norms and Bullying"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Ce blog fait partie de la s\u00e9rie \u00ab\u00a0\u00c9tablir des liens\u00a0\u00bb. Chaque blog se concentre sur une forme particuli\u00e8re de violence.<\/em><\/p>\n

Cette ann\u00e9e, Equimundo et Oak Foundation ont lanc\u00e9 Normes masculines et violence : \u00e9tablir des liens<\/a><\/em>, un nouveau rapport examinant les liens entre les normes masculines n\u00e9fastes et huit formes de comportement violent.<\/p>\n

Bien que le fait d'\u00eatre un homme n'ait rien d'inh\u00e9rent \u00e0 la violence, la mani\u00e8re dont nous socialisons les gar\u00e7ons dans leur identit\u00e9 d'homme et ce que nous attendons d'eux \u2013 c'est-\u00e0-dire les normes masculines de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u2013 sont ind\u00e9niablement li\u00e9s \u00e0 la violence. En effet, les gar\u00e7ons et les hommes sont souvent \u00e9lev\u00e9s, socialis\u00e9s et encourag\u00e9s \u00e0 recourir \u00e0 la violence sous une forme ou une autre\u00a0; dans l'ensemble, les hommes et les gar\u00e7ons sont plus susceptibles de commettre la plupart des formes de violence et de mourir par homicide ou suicide. Cependant, les recherches confirment que cette violence est \u00e9vitable, que l'\u00e9galit\u00e9 des sexes est r\u00e9alisable et que les normes et id\u00e9es non violentes sur la virilit\u00e9 sont r\u00e9pandues et puissantes.<\/p>\n

This fourth blog in the \u00c9tablir les connexions <\/em>series focuses on bullying. It breaks down the facts on bullying, its linkages to other forms of violence, and recommendations for action.<\/p>\n

Bullying<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Les faits<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bullying by men and boys takes many forms. In a 2017 study, La bo\u00eete \u00e0 hommes<\/a><\/em>,\u00a0<\/em>more than one-third of young men in the United States, United Kingdom, and Mexico reported having perpetrated verbal, physical, and\/or online bullying in the month prior to data collection.<\/p>\n

Being a victim of bullying is a common experience for young people, and some youth are aware that gender non-conformity (being gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, or otherwise non-conforming) was a reason behind being bullied. Youth who do not conform to social norms related to gender and sexuality are at the highest risk of being bullied.<\/p>\n

Boys and girls often experience bullying differently. Boys are more likely to be recognized by others as victims of bullying. However, boys are more likely than girls to experience harmful \u2013 rather than helpful or supportive \u2013 public acknowledgement of this victimization.<\/p>\n

Les liens <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Masculinities are often at the root of men\u2019s perpetration of bullying. In La bo\u00eete \u00e0 hommes\u00a0<\/a><\/em>study, young men who held the most inequitable gender attitudes (about a variety of themes, not only violence) were significantly more likely to report both perpetrating and experiencing all three forms of bullying: verbal, online, and physical.<\/p>\n

Research suggests that bullying behaviors often share common root causes: the perpetrator\u2019s desire to demonstrate power and control over the victim and the use of bullying to enforce gender conformity. Many researchers conclude that gender identity and violent gender norms contribute to bullying, alongside many other interwoven factors.<\/p>\n

Bullying can provide a pathway to achieve or maintain social status within group settings such as schools and workplaces.<\/p>\n

Les intersections<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Any thorough explanation of bullying behavior must include influences beyond hegemonic masculinity. Analyses of these causes identify a variety of intersecting levels of influences: the individual, family influences, peer influences, school influences, and community\/cultural influences (including poverty and media influences).<\/p>\n

Children who are exposed to contexts and relationships with extensive conflict, hostility, and abuse are more likely to perpetrate bullying, a finding similar to other forms of violence for which there is intergenerational transmission. Hostile family and educational environments have been consistently found to be risk factors for bullying.<\/p>\n

Physical location, social context, and age intersect with and normalize boys and men\u2019s perpetration of bullying. For instance, in school contexts, boys\u2019 physical aggression is often legitimized as \u201cboys will be boys,\u201d whereas the same behavior by girls raises questions, and the same behavior by a middle-aged man in a work setting might be considered inappropriate.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>De la th\u00e9orie \u00e0 la pratique<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Very few bullying-prevention programs, particularly in the Global South, take a gender-transformative lens or work to deconstruct harmful masculinities. Initiatives aiming to prevent bullying should focus on the following transformations of harmful masculine norms:<\/p>\n