{"id":10408,"date":"2019-12-01T18:23:09","date_gmt":"2019-12-01T22:23:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.equimundo.org\/?p=10408"},"modified":"2022-06-08T01:04:52","modified_gmt":"2022-06-08T05:04:52","slug":"making-the-connections-harmful-masculine-norms-and-bullying-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.equimundo.org\/es\/making-the-connections-harmful-masculine-norms-and-bullying-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Estableciendo conexiones: normas masculinas da\u00f1inas y acoso escolar"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Este blog forma parte de la serie "Estableciendo Conexiones". Cada blog se centra en una forma espec\u00edfica de violencia.<\/em><\/p>\n

Este a\u00f1o, Equimundo y Fundaci\u00f3n Oak lanzaron Normas masculinas y violencia: estableciendo conexiones<\/a><\/em>, un nuevo informe que examina los v\u00ednculos entre las normas masculinas da\u00f1inas y ocho formas de comportamiento violento.<\/p>\n

Si bien no hay nada inherente a ser hombre que impulse la violencia, la forma en que socializamos a los ni\u00f1os en sus identidades como hombres y lo que esperamos de ellos \u2014es decir, las normas sociales de masculinidad\u2014 est\u00e1 innegablemente vinculado a la violencia. De hecho, a menudo se cr\u00eda, socializa y se anima a los ni\u00f1os y a los hombres a usar la violencia de alguna forma; en general, los hombres y los ni\u00f1os tienen una probabilidad desproporcionada de perpetrar la mayor\u00eda de las formas de violencia y de morir por homicidio y suicidio. Sin embargo, la investigaci\u00f3n afirma que esta violencia es prevenible, la igualdad de g\u00e9nero es alcanzable y las normas e ideas no violentas sobre la masculinidad son prevalentes y poderosas.<\/p>\n

This fourth blog in the Estableciendo las conexiones <\/em>series focuses on bullying. It breaks down the facts on bullying, its linkages to other forms of violence, and recommendations for action.<\/p>\n

Acoso escolar<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Los hechos<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

El acoso escolar por parte de hombres y ni\u00f1os se manifiesta de diversas maneras. En un estudio de 2017, La caja del hombre<\/a><\/em>,\u00a0<\/em>more than one-third of young men in the United States, United Kingdom, and Mexico reported having perpetrated verbal, physical, and\/or online bullying in the month prior to data collection.<\/p>\n

Being a victim of bullying is a common experience for young people, and some youth are aware that gender non-conformity (being gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, or otherwise non-conforming) was a reason behind being bullied. Youth who do not conform to social norms related to gender and sexuality are at the highest risk of being bullied.<\/p>\n

Boys and girls often experience bullying differently. Boys are more likely to be recognized by others as victims of bullying. However, boys are more likely than girls to experience harmful \u2013 rather than helpful or supportive \u2013 public acknowledgement of this victimization.<\/p>\n

Los enlaces <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Las masculinidades son a menudo la ra\u00edz del acoso escolar perpetrado por los hombres. La caja del hombre\u00a0<\/a><\/em>En un estudio, los hombres j\u00f3venes que ten\u00edan actitudes de g\u00e9nero m\u00e1s inequitativas (sobre una variedad de temas, no solo sobre la violencia) eran significativamente m\u00e1s propensos a informar haber perpetrado y experimentado las tres formas de acoso: verbal, en l\u00ednea y f\u00edsico.<\/p>\n

Research suggests that bullying behaviors often share common root causes: the perpetrator\u2019s desire to demonstrate power and control over the victim and the use of bullying to enforce gender conformity. Many researchers conclude that gender identity and violent gender norms contribute to bullying, alongside many other interwoven factors.<\/p>\n

El acoso puede proporcionar una v\u00eda para alcanzar o mantener el estatus social dentro de entornos grupales, como escuelas y lugares de trabajo.<\/p>\n

Las intersecciones<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Any thorough explanation of bullying behavior must include influences beyond hegemonic masculinity. Analyses of these causes identify a variety of intersecting levels of influences: the individual, family influences, peer influences, school influences, and community\/cultural influences (including poverty and media influences).<\/p>\n

Los ni\u00f1os expuestos a contextos y relaciones con gran conflicto, hostilidad y abuso son m\u00e1s propensos a cometer acoso escolar, un hallazgo similar al de otras formas de violencia con transmisi\u00f3n intergeneracional. Se ha demostrado sistem\u00e1ticamente que los entornos familiares y educativos hostiles son factores de riesgo de acoso escolar.<\/p>\n

Physical location, social context, and age intersect with and normalize boys and men\u2019s perpetration of bullying. For instance, in school contexts, boys\u2019 physical aggression is often legitimized as \u201cboys will be boys,\u201d whereas the same behavior by girls raises questions, and the same behavior by a middle-aged man in a work setting might be considered inappropriate.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>De la teor\u00eda a la pr\u00e1ctica<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Very few bullying-prevention programs, particularly in the Global South, take a gender-transformative lens or work to deconstruct harmful masculinities. Initiatives aiming to prevent bullying should focus on the following transformations of harmful masculine norms:<\/p>\n